Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice

A systems approach to advanced assessment of diverse patient populations. Students will demonstrate history taking, communication techniques, and technical skills to perform complete, systematic physical assessment for acute care settings. Emphasis will be on the cardiovascular, pulmonary, endocrine, renal, hepatic and neurologic systems; and their relation to the assessment and monitoring of patients in the acute care setting. Co-requisite: NRAN783 Principles of Anesthesia Practice I.

1. Identify advanced principles of history taking in the assessment process of individuals.
2. Identify advanced components of the physical assessment, including techniques and principles, as they apply to individuals.
3. Efficiently and systematically perform a head-to-toe examination.
4. Utilize the pre and postoperative visit to educate patients and encourage long term health promotion.
5. Interpret health assessment data to formulate differential diagnoses.
6. Analyze cultural, developmental, spiritual, and psychosocial variations in the health state of individuals based upon health assessment data.
7. Describe and correlate abnormal findings with an understanding of pathophysiology.
8. Succinctly and professionally communicate health assessment findings.

Lecture and discussion in theoretical and applied principles of chemical and physical principles involved in anesthesia including states and properties of matter; laws governing the behavior of gases; flow and vaporization; oxidation and combustion; and principles of electricity and electrical safety. Course will also cover pertinent areas of biochemistry relative to anesthesia practice and chemical properties and structure-activity relationships for anesthetic accessory and therapeutic drugs.

1. Demonstrate understanding of basic physics applicable to anesthesiology with emphasis on the behavior of gases embodied in the gas laws.
2. Demonstrate knowledge of physical processes of anesthetic transfer from volatile liquid form to gas and through the vaporizing system and to the site of drug action.
3. Describe the laws governing the behavior of gases and liquids.
4. Demonstrate a basic understanding of inorganic chemistry specifically in writing chemical equations, calculating pKa, pH, and the soda lime process.
5. Identify the organic chemistry functional groups and their importance in biochemical processes.
6. Describe the organic chemistry of biological pathways.

Lecture and discussion focused on increasing the knowledge base of advanced practice nurses in pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics. Emphasis is on the pharmacotherapeutics for common acute and chronic health problems using prototype drugs within specific drug classifications. General principles, autonomic, cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, endocrine, chemotherapy, and anti-inflammatory drug topics are discussed. Case studies of pathophysiological disorders are discussed, along with the pharmacologic management. 

By the end of the course, the student will be able to:

1. Explain the relationship between receptors and drug action.
2. Describe the pharmacokinetic processes of pharmacologic agents.
3. Describe the pharmacodynamics processes of pharmacologic agents.
4. Identify the significance of the graded dose–response relationship to anesthesia practice.
5. Describe the basic pathophysiology of disorders related to pharmacologic therapy.
6. Explain the relationship between pharmacologic mechanisms of action and the disorders for which the agent is intended.
7. Describe anesthesia issues related to specific pharmacologic agents.

Lecture and discussion focused on advanced pharmacological concepts in anesthetic administration including pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and toxicology profiles of primary anesthetic agents. Major drug classes include inhalation anesthetics, sedative-hypnotics, narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics, muscle relaxants and local anesthetics. Problem solving applications in the clinical area are utilized especially as they relate to proper drug selection, dose calculation and administration. 

Upon completion of the course the learner should be able to:

1. Recall the theories of the mechanism of action of inhalation anesthetics.
2. Describe the physical and chemical properties of inhalation anesthetics.
3. Explain and differentiate the uptake, distribution, and elimination of inhalation anesthetics.
4. Explain the effects of inhalation anesthetics on the organ systems.
5. Formulate a plan of care in the clinical application of inhalation anesthetics.
6. Describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intravenous anesthetics.
7. Describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of benzodiazepine receptor antagonists.
8. Formulate a plan of care in the clinical application of intravenous anesthetics and benzodiazepine receptor antagonists.

Comprehensive review of human cadaver anatomy for nurse anesthesia practice. A systemic approach to examine the relationships and organization of anatomical structures will be utilized. Includes an analysis of the major muscles, skeletal system, internal organs, blood vessels, brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves. Uses dissected cadavers to study anatomical variations. 

The student will:

1. Demonstrate a functional knowledge of the basic nomenclature used to study human anatomy.
2. Analyze the general anatomical locations for the body systems.
3. Describe the anatomical structures associated the body systems presented in the laboratory setting; skeletal, muscular, circulatory, visceral, and neural.
4. Examine the relationships and organization of major structures within the thorax, abdomen, head/neck, and back/limbs regions of the body.

Provides an intensive study of the major anatomical systems and regions of the body. Although all organ systems will be included, particular emphasis is devoted to the respiratory system, cardiovascular system, and nervous system. Regional topics include the anatomy of the head, neck, vertebral column, thorax, axilla, extremities, and femoral triangle.

The student will:

1. Describe the anatomy and identify the parts of the autonomic nervous system, including the locations of preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, splanchnic nerves, autonomic nerve plexuses, and their target effectors. Identify the regions of the spinal cord and brainstem that contribute motor and sensory components of the autonomic nervous system.
2. Describe the anatomy and identify the parts of the brachial plexus, including its roots, trunks cords, and terminal nerves and their peripheral cutaneous and muscular distributions. Identify the regions of the spinal cord that contribute to the formation of the brachial plexus.
3. Describe the anatomy and identify the parts of the cervical, lumbar and sacral plexuses, and terminal nerves and their peripheral cutaneous and muscular distributions. Identify the regions of the spinal cord that contribute to the formation of these plexuses.
4. Describe and identify the distribution of all spinal and cranial nerves. Identify the regions of the spinal cord that contribute to the formation of the spinal nerves. Identify the regions of the brainstem, thalamus and brain that contribute to the formation of the cranial nerves.
5. Describe and identify the muscles of the face, neck, trunk, upper and lower limbs, especially their interrelationships to peripheral nerves, and major arteries and veins.
6. Describe and identify the internal anatomy of the central nervous system, especially as it relates to major motor and sensory pathways.

Lecture and discussion concerning functional activities of the living body in terms of both cellular and systemic functions. The following areas of human physiology are included: general cellular phenomena, hematology, musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, respiration, endocrinology, and neurophysiology.

Lecture and discussion focused on primary disease processes of the immune, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, hepatic, neurologic, musculoskeletal and renal systems. The course will focus on pathophysiology, symptoms, and common therapies for disease processes relevant to anesthesia practice. 

Upon completion, students should be able to:

1. Describe the essential features of pathophysiologic processes including the body’s reaction to injury and infection, the immune response and abnormalities of cellular growth
2. Explain how changes in one body system affect the functioning of another/other body system(s).
3. Interpret the natural history and clinical manifestations of specific illnesses in terms of their etiology and pathogenesis.
4. Critically compare and contrast normal and abnormal physiological changes as they occur in body systems.
5. Describe current research-based theories regarding the causes, mechanisms, and production of signs and symptoms for specific, anesthesia relevant disorders.
6. Identify signs and symptoms resulting from pathological changes in the human body.

Lecture and discussion introducing basic principles of patient safety topics. Orientation to safe use and care of contemporary equipment utilized in the clinical practice of anesthesia is introduced. The principles of non-invasive monitoring in the peri-operative period are presented, including standards of practice and problem solving techniques. Prerequisite: NRAN722 Chemistry/Physics for Nurse Anesthesia Practice, NRAN762 Advanced Anatomy Lab, NRAN770 Advanced Anatomy Corequisites: NRAN735 Applied Pharmacology for Nurse Anesthesia Practice, NRAN775 Clinical Physiology.

The student will:

1. Analyze the scientific principles and practice standards for the utilization of compressed gases, contemporary anesthesia machines and breathing systems.
2. Demonstrate all components of a pre-use safety check of a contemporary anesthesia machine.
3. Discuss the relevant scientific principles of noninvasive monitoring modalities utilized in the peri-operative period.
4. Discuss electrical and fire safety precautions in nurse anesthesia practice.
5. Describe safe and effective use of patient warming and temperature assessment techniques.
6. Analyze the physiologic principles of thermal regulation in the perioperative period for patients across the lifespan.
7. Interpret the monitoring requirements as described in the Scope and Standards of Nurse Anesthesia practice.
8. Describe the principles of patient positioning in the perioperative period to protect from iatrogenic complications.

Lecture and discussion introducing basic principles of patient safety topics and anesthetic techniques. Standards of nurse anesthesia practice and perioperative advanced physical assessment across the lifespan are included. Concepts pertaining to the development of an anesthetic care plan form the core of the course. Topics include airway management, intravenous fluid and transfusion therapy. Basic principles of pediatric and geriatric patient care plans are included. The student is introduced to the clinical setting in an observational role. 

The student will:

1. Analyze basic and advanced airway management best practice to minimize iatrogenic complications.
2. Integrate scientific principles in the development of an individualized anesthetic plan of care for pediatric, adult and geriatric populations, inclusive of the preoperative and postoperative periods.
3. Explain advanced physical assessment techniques in the perioperative period.
4. Describe the modifications of the plan of care in the case of malignant hyperthermia.
5. Analyze the principles of vigilance and appropriate documentation in nurse anesthesia practice.
6. Demonstrate oral and written communication skills.
7. Participate in assigned clinical observation experience

Lecture and discussion exploring the impact of common physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions upon the planning and implementation of the anesthetic plan. Alterations in the cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, hepatic, neuromuscular, and renal systems will be presented. Normal physiologic changes in pregnancy are included. 

The student will:

1. Describe the physiologic alterations in the pregnant patient, fetus, and newborn.
2. Develop a plan of care to accommodate the unique physiologic alterations in the pregnant patient, fetus, and newborn.
3. Discuss the pertinent clinical presentation, including physical assessment and laboratory findings, of pathophysiologic presentations.
4. Develop an anesthetic plan of care with modifications for specific pathophysiologic alterations.
5. Analyze best practice to promote improved quality of care for patients with physiologic alterations.

Small group seminar designed to provide simulated experiences where the student integrates interdisciplinary knowledge, develops critical thinking, and practices psychomotor skills. 

The student will:

1. Practice basic skills of anesthesia in a diverse patient population.
2. Integrate cognitive and psychomotor skills while caring for a virtual patient requiring anesthesia interventions.
3. Demonstrate application of evidence based interventions in uncommon anesthetic scenarios.
4. Develop interprofessional, interpersonal, leadership, and communication skills.

Lecture, discussion and demonstration of conductive anesthesia techniques and peripheral nerve blocks. Includes pharmacokinetics of local anesthetics, physiologic response and discussion of pain theory. Demonstration of adjuncts for anatomical placement, including the use of ultrasound techniques. 

The student will be able to:

1. Explain the physiologic effects produced by neuraxial anesthesia/analgesia and peripheral nerve blocks including cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, renal, and endocrine manifestations.
2. Develop strategies for prevention and treatment of complications; and identification of contraindications to neuraxial and peripheral nerve block techniques.
3. Demonstrate sterile technique while preparing and using a spinal/epidural tray.
4. Describe neuraxial, intravenous regional anesthesia, and peripheral nerve block techniques, including anatomic landmarks, anesthetic selection and utilization of nerve stimulation and ultrasound techniques.
5. Describe the physiology of the pain phenomenon as it relates to regional anesthesia

Students will engage in supervised clinical practice that involves introduction to basic anesthesia skills. Emphasis is given to patient assessment, anesthetic planning, airway management and management of patient populations in low risk categories.

1. Performs physical assessment and monitoring skills for diverse patient populations across the lifespan requiring anesthesia care according to established standards of care and safety guidelines.
2. Demonstrate the ability to develop, select, and implement a plan of anesthesia care based upon evidence-based approach to problem-solving required of anesthesia delivery in clinical practice.
3. Develop and demonstrate critical thinking and problem-solving skills required of anesthesia providers to promote patient safety and efficient healthcare delivery in anesthesia clinical practice.
4. Demonstrates sound cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills appropriate of a beginning clinical nurse anesthetist required for delivery of safe anesthesia care to a diverse patient population across the life span.
5. Develops management and leadership skills as a member of the interdisciplinary team utilizing information and health care technologies centered upon effective communication.
6. Supports clinical decisions and actions with didactic content and evidence-based research in the clinical learning environment that promotes patient healthcare outcomes.
7. Identifies solutions to ethical and legal issues related to the client population and the nurse anesthetist.
8. Recognizes the impact of health system policy on the current anesthesia practice environment and the role of the nurse anesthetist.

Students will participate in small group conferences focused on the integration of concepts relative to the practice of nurse anesthesia. An integration of anesthetic concepts with the scientific knowledge base provides the student with a beginning foundation to begin decision-making relative to the holistic care of the patient undergoing an anesthetic. 

1. Self-analyze case management experience of clinical case experiences.
2. Critically appraise the case management of peer clinical case experiences.
3. Critically appraise the management of preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, and postoperative follow-up for presented clinical cases.

This course will identify gaps in clinical and didactic knowledge prior to return from leave of absence. After gaps are identified, an individualized plan will be formulated for return from leave of absence.

This course will focus on wellness issues that impact the practitioner, practice environment, and public. The course will also focus on ethics, practice standards, as well as an introduction to professional organizations and the history of nurse anesthesia.

This course will be an introduction to the profession and professional organization. Additional topics will include the history of nurse anesthesia, ethics and practice standards. Wellness issues that impact the practitioner, practice environment, and public will be examined.

The student will:

1. Critically examine the purpose and function of professional organizations in anesthesia practice.
2. Examine the profession of nurse anesthesia from a historical perspective.
3. Integrate ethical principles and the AANA code of Ethics into anesthesia practice.
4. Navigate resources in order to enhance compliance with AANA practice standards.
5. Explore the ramifications of wellness on anesthesia practitioners, the public, and practice. An emphasis will be placed on the opioid crisis, stress, burnout, and incivility.

The course will be focused on concepts and skills necessary for the critical appraisal of a broad range of published research relevant to nurse anesthesia practice. Conceptual understanding of statistical methods and terminology, quantitative and qualitative research methods, and research ethics will be emphasized. The use of technology and its applications for nurse anesthesia practice will be introduced. 

The student will:

1. Review frequently used statistical terminology.
2. Analyze the statistical methods commonly utilized in contemporary research applicable to the nurse anesthesia profession.
3. Identify key concepts of quantitative and qualitative research methods.
4. Examine quantitative research designs including experimental, quasi-experimental, and nonexperimental designs.
5. Examine qualitative research designs including phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, and case study.
6. Recognize appropriate use of quantitative and qualitative research designs.
7. Describe the researcher’s obligations to conduct and report research in an ethical manner.
8. Apply critiquing criteria to evaluate contemporary reports of research relevant to nurse anesthesia practice.
9. Identify ethical issues and aspects of cultural diversity which impact the delivery of quality care.
10. Explore the use of technology and electronically available information in the delivery of evidence-based healthcare.

The scholarship domains of integration and application are the primary focus of the course. Principles of scholarly skills including critical appraisal of the available research evidence, and synthesis of information from diverse formats and sources in the development of products of integration and application are addressed. 

1. Examine and differentiate the key concepts of prototype products of scholarly integration and application.
2. Analyze ethical and cultural diversity issues relevant to scholarship.
3. Explore the application of action research, case study, qualitative descriptive, systematic review, integrative review, quality improvement and program evaluation in a healthcare setting.

This course will focus on federal and state policy making processes and their influence on anesthesia practice. The impact of public policy on healthcare delivery and financing will be discussed. Strategies for state and federal advocacy will be explored.

The student will:

1. Critically appraise the impact of health policy on healthcare and nurse anesthesia delivery.
2. Develop skills to affect both federal and state policymaking processes.
3. Assess contemporary issues in nurse anesthesia scope of practice and licensure.
4. Analyze the United States health systems structure and implications for nurse anesthesia practice.

Students will engage in supervised clinical practice that involves basic and advanced anesthesia skills. Emphasis is given to patient assessment, anesthetic planning and implementation, airway management, and management of patient populations in all risk categories across the age spectrum. General, regional, and sedation techniques are included. 

1. Performs physical assessment and monitoring skills for diverse patient populations across the lifespan requiring anesthesia care according to established standards of care and safety guidelines.
2. Demonstrate the ability to develop, select, and implement a plan of anesthesia care based upon evidence-based approach to problem-solving required of anesthesia delivery in clinical practice.
3. Develop and demonstrate critical thinking and problem-solving skills required of anesthesia providers to promote patient safety and efficient healthcare delivery in anesthesia clinical practice.
4. Demonstrates sound cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills appropriate of a beginning clinical nurse anesthetist required for delivery of safe anesthesia care to a diverse patient population across the life span.
5. Develops management and leadership skills as a member of the interdisciplinary team utilizing information and health care technologies centered upon effective communication.
6. Supports clinical decisions and actions with didactic content and evidence-based research in the clinical learning environment that promotes patient healthcare outcomes.
7. Identifies solutions to ethical and legal issues related to the client population and the nurse anesthetist.
8. Recognizes the impact of health system policy on the current anesthesia practice environment and the role of the nurse anesthetist.

The first in a series of four courses designed to expand upon the knowledge obtained during the Phase I courses. Course work builds on theories and principles taught in the Phase I curriculum and prior clinical experience. Emphasis is placed on the integration of research findings into evidence based clinical practice. Students will prepare a written and oral presentation on a selected clinical topic utilizing current research. Topics include orthopedic, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, urology, gastrointestinal, and ambulatory surgery. 

The student will:

1. Use science-based theories to develop an anesthetic plan of care for patients across the lifespan experiencing a variety of specialty surgical or medical procedures.\
2. Critically appraise anesthesia management strategies for specialized poplulations including orthopedic, otolaryngology, ophthalmology, urology, gastrointestinal, and ambulatory surgery.
3. Evaluate outcomes to improve quality of care in diverse health care delivery systems.
4. Use information technology to collect evidence to inform nurse anesthesia practice.
5. Identify ethical issues and aspects of cultural diversity which impact the delivery of quality care.
6. Discuss health promotion and risk reduction strategies applicable to nurse anesthesia practice.
7. Demonstrate oral and written communication skills.

The second in a series of four courses designed to expand upon the knowledge obtained during the Phase I courses. Course work builds on theories and principles taught in the Phase I curriculum and prior clinical experience. Emphasis is placed on the integration of research findings into evidence based clinical practice. Topics include cardiac, thoracic, vascular and neurological surgery. 

The student will:

1. Use science-based theories to develop an anesthetic plan of care for patients across the lifespan experiencing a variety of specialty surgical or medical procedures.
2. Critically appraise anesthesia management strategies for specialized poplulations including cardiac, thoracic, vascular, and neurosurgery.
3. Evaluate outcomes to improve quality of care in diverse health care delivery systems.
4. Discuss health promotion and risk reduction strategies applicable to nurse anesthesia practice.

Students will participate in small group conferences focused on the integration of concepts relative to the practice of nurse anesthesia. An integration of anesthetic concepts with the scientific knowledge base provides the student with a foundation for decision-making relative to the holistic care of the patient undergoing an anesthetic. Students will prepare a written and oral presentation on a selected clinical topic utilizing current research. 

1. Self-analyze case management experience of clinical case experiences.
2. Critically appraise the case management of peer clinical case experiences.
3. Critically appraise the management of preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, and postoperative follow-up for presented clinical cases.
4. Use information technology to collect evidence to inform nurse anesthesia practice
5. Demonstrate oral and written communication skills.

Students will engage in supervised clinical practice that involves basic and advanced anesthesia skills. Emphasis is given to patient assessment, anesthetic planning and implementation, airway management, and management of patient populations in all risk categories across the age spectrum. General, regional, and sedation techniques are included. 

1. Performs advanced physical assessment and monitoring skills for patients with complex co-existing diseases requiring anesthesia care in specialized areas (cardiothoracic, obstetrical, neurosurgical, etc.) according to established standards of care and safety guidelines.
2. Demonstrate the ability to independently develop, select, and implement a plan of anesthesia care based upon evidence-based approach to problem-solving required of anesthesia delivery in specialized areas of clinical practice.
3. Develop and demonstrate advanced critical thinking and problem-solving skills required of anesthesia providers to promote patient safety and efficient healthcare delivery in specialized areas of anesthesia clinical practice.
4. Demonstrates sound cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills appropriate of a proficient clinical nurse anesthetist required for delivery of safe anesthesia care to a diverse patient population across the life span.
5. Demonstrates management and leadership skills as a member of the interdisciplinary team utilizing information and health care technologies centered upon effective communication.
6. Supports clinical decisions and actions with didactic content and evidence-based research in the clinical learning environment that promotes patient healthcare outcomes.
7. Formulate solutions to ethical and legal issues related to the client population and the nurse anesthetist.
8. Create potential solutions to health policy and research issues relevant to the current anesthesia environment and the role of the nurse anesthetist

Examination of the physiology, pathophysiology, and management of pain. Pain theory will be emphasized including pharmacological interventions. Content related to imaging for interventional therapies, and radiation safety is included. Evaluation of patient support systems including psychosocial aspects will be incorporated. Online course. 

The student will:

1. Select treatment modalities utilizing knowledge of pain theories.
2. Analyze treatment modalities within a framework of pathophysiology and/or a pain theory.
3. Apply the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of analgesics to nursing care.
4. Evaluate pain management interventions.
5. Value the role of the patient and family in the selection of pain management modalities.
6. Assess the psychosocial component in the context of pain and pain management.

The third in a series of four courses designed to expand upon the knowledge obtained during the Phase I courses. Course work builds on theories and principles taught in the Phase I curriculum and prior clinical experience. Emphasis is placed on the integration of research findings into evidence based clinical practice. Students will prepare a written and oral presentation on a selected clinical topic utilizing current research. Topics include advanced airway techniques, critical care, and obstetric anesthesia and analgesia. 

The student will:

1. Use science-based theories to develop an anesthetic plan of care for patients across the lifespan experiencing a variety of specialty surgical or medical procedures.
2. Critically appraise anesthesia management strategies for specialized populations including critical care, obstetric, and difficult airway.
3. Evaluate outcomes to improve quality of care in diverse health care delivery systems.
4. Discuss health promotion and risk reduction strategies applicable to nurse anesthesia practice.

Students will engage in supervised clinical practice that involves basic and advanced anesthesia skills. Emphasis is given to patient assessment, anesthetic planning and implementation, airway management, and management of patient populations in all risk categories across the age spectrum. General, regional, and sedation techniques are included. 

1. Performs advanced physical assessment and monitoring skills for patients with complex co-existing diseases requiring anesthesia care in specialized areas (cardiothoracic, obstetrical, neurosurgical, etc.) according to established standards of care and safety guidelines.
2. Demonstrate the ability to independently develop, select, and implement a plan of anesthesia care based upon evidence-based approach to problem-solving required of anesthesia delivery in specialized areas of clinical practice.
3. Develop and demonstrate advanced critical thinking and problem-solving skills required of anesthesia providers to promote patient safety and efficient healthcare delivery in specialized areas of anesthesia clinical practice.
4. Demonstrates sound cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills appropriate of a proficient clinical nurse anesthetist required for delivery of safe anesthesia care to a diverse patient population across the life span.
5. Demonstrates management and leadership skills as a member of the interdisciplinary team utilizing information and health care technologies centered upon effective communication.
6. Supports clinical decisions and actions with didactic content and evidence-based research in the clinical learning environment that promotes patient healthcare outcomes.
7. Formulate solutions to ethical and legal issues related to the client population and the nurse anesthetist.
8. Create potential solutions to health policy and research issues relevant to the current anesthesia environment and the role of the nurse anesthetist.

The fourth in a series of four courses designed to expand upon the knowledge obtained during the Phase I courses. Course work builds on theories and principles taught in the Phase I curriculum and prior clinical experience. Emphasis is placed on the integration of research findings into evidence based clinical practice. Students will prepare a written and oral presentation on a selected clinical topic utilizing current research. Topics include trauma, neonatal, hepatic, organ transplantation, organ retrieval, and burn treatment. 

The student will:

1. Use science-based theories to develop an anesthetic plan of care for patients across the lifespan experiencing a variety of specialty surgical or medical procedures.
2. Critically appraise anesthesia management strategies for specialized populations including neonates, congenital heart defects, burns, and trauma.
3. Evaluate outcomes to improve quality of care in diverse health care delivery systems.
4. Discuss health promotion and risk reduction strategies applicable to nurse anesthesia practice.

Students will engage in supervised clinical practice that involves basic and advanced anesthesia skills. Emphasis is given to patient assessment, anesthetic planning and implementation, airway management, and management of patient populations in all risk categories across the age spectrum. General, regional, and sedation techniques are included. 

1. Performs advanced physical assessment and monitoring skills for patients with complex co-existing diseases requiring anesthesia care in specialized areas (cardiothoracic, obstetrical, neurosurgical, etc.) according to established standards of care and safety guidelines.
2. Demonstrate the ability to independently develop, select, and implement a plan of anesthesia care based upon evidence-based approach to problem-solving required of anesthesia delivery in specialized areas of clinical practice.
3. Develop and demonstrate advanced critical thinking and problem-solving skills required of anesthesia providers to promote patient safety and efficient healthcare delivery in specialized areas of anesthesia clinical practice.
4. Demonstrates sound cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills appropriate of a proficient clinical nurse anesthetist required for delivery of safe anesthesia care to a diverse patient population across the life span.
5. Demonstrates management and leadership skills as a member of the interdisciplinary team utilizing information and health care technologies centered upon effective communication.
6. Supports clinical decisions and actions with didactic content and evidence-based research in the clinical learning environment that promotes patient healthcare outcomes.
7. Formulate solutions to ethical and legal issues related to the client population and the nurse anesthetist.
8. Create potential solutions to health policy and research issues relevant to the current anesthesia environment and the role of the nurse anesthetist.

Students will engage in supervised clinical practice that involves basic and advanced anesthesia skills. Emphasis is given to patient assessment, anesthetic planning and implementation, airway management, and management of patient populations in all risk categories across the age spectrum. General, regional, and sedation techniques are included.

Students will engage in supervised clinical practice that involves basic and advanced anesthesia skills. Emphasis is given to patient assessment, anesthetic planning and implementation, airway management, and management of patient populations in all risk categories across the age spectrum. General, regional, and sedation techniques are included.

1. Performs advanced physical assessment and monitoring skills for patients with complex co-existing diseases requiring anesthesia care in specialized areas (cardiothoracic, obstetrical, neurosurgical, etc.) according to established standards of care and safety guidelines.
2. Demonstrate the ability to independently develop, select, and implement a plan of anesthesia care based upon evidence-based approach to problem-solving required of anesthesia delivery in specialized areas of clinical practice.
3. Develop and demonstrate advanced critical thinking and problem-solving skills required of anesthesia providers to promote patient safety and efficient healthcare delivery in specialized areas of anesthesia clinical practice.
4. Demonstrates sound cognitive, affective, and psychomotor skills appropriate of a proficient clinical nurse anesthetist required for delivery of safe anesthesia care to a diverse patient population across the life span.
5. Demonstrates management and leadership skills as a member of the interdisciplinary team utilizing information and health care technologies centered upon effective communication.
6. Supports clinical decisions and actions with didactic content and evidence-based research in the clinical learning environment that promotes patient healthcare outcomes.
7. Formulate solutions to ethical and legal issues related to the client population and the nurse anesthetist.
8. Create potential solutions to health policy and research issues relevant to the current anesthesia environment and the role of the nurse anesthetist.

A comprehensive review and synthesis of the basic sciences related to anesthesia practice with a focus on current trends in anesthesia practice. Anatomy, physiology, chemistry, physics, and pharmacology concepts will be included. 

1. Integrate the basic principles of anesthesia with total patient care management
2. Incorporate advanced principles of anesthesia into a holistic patient care plan
3. Design an anesthesia care management plan utilizing principle of advanced human anatomy and physiology
4. Appraise the clinical pharmacological applications in an anesthesia plan of care
5. Analyze the effects of chemistry and physics principles involving anesthesia care

Application of skills, from research methods and statistics courses, to critical reading of empirical literature on clinical practice. Includes the translation of research into practice, the evaluation of practice, and improvement of nurse anesthesia practice and outcomes. Students will prepare a written and oral presentation on a selected clinical topic utilizing current research.

1. Use information technology to collect evidence to inform nurse anesthesia practice
2. Demonstrate oral and written communication skills.

Application of skills, from research methods and statistics courses, to critical reading of empirical literature on clinical practice. Includes the translation of research into practice, the evaluation of practice, and improvement of nurse anesthesia practice and outcomes. Students will prepare a written and oral presentation on a selected clinical topic utilizing current research.

1. Refine the ability to critically appraise and analyze research that has significance to nurse anesthesia practice.
2. Explore creative methods of translating research evidence into alterations in practice based upon predictable outcomes.
3. Discover the means by which an evaluation of current practice methods leads to the further development of new research questions.
4. Develop skills in identifying areas within the peri-anesthesia setting amenable to quality improvement study and in the implementation and analysis of quality improvement research.
5. Consider the means by which a “culture” of evidence based practice can be developed within the nurse anesthesia profession.
6. Demonstrate oral and written communication skills.

This course will focus on integrating leadership theories and styles and applying them to collaborative, interdisciplinary anesthesia practice. The business of anesthesia will be examined with an emphasis on management of anesthesia resources. Prerequisite: NRAN806 Professional Practice I.

The student will:

1. Assimilate leadership theories and models into an effective leadership style utilizing self-identified qualities.
2. Utilize leadership strategies to advance the nurse anesthesia profession and influence public opinion and health policy.
3. Analyze the purpose, process, and implementation of institutional policy change.
4. Examine fiscal leadership qualities essential to the chief CRNA and anesthesia department manager.
5. Analyze clinical leadership principles to promote patient safety and cost effective care.

This course guides the student through developing required components for a selected DNAP scholarly project. Students will develop and present their DNAP Scholarly Project Proposal to faculty and peers. 

The student will:

1. Utilize the principles of scholarly inquiry to retrieve, review, and analyze existing published literature.
2. Initiate an exploratory literature review for an area of inquiry related to nurse anesthesia.
3. Demonstrate effective oral and written communication in the presentation of the DNAP Scholarly Project proposal

This course is a continuation of the DNAP Scholarly Project initially formulated in NRAN930: DNAP Scholarly Project Proposal. Emphasis is on fundamental skills of systematic inquiry, interpretation, and evaluation of research for applicability to the nurse anesthesia profession. Students will focus on implementation of previously identified methodology and begin analysis and interpretation of results. 

The student will:

1. Execute the identified project methodology.
2. Critically appraise newly identified evidence to determine project outcomes.
3. Demonstrate effective written communication in the creation of the DNAP Scholarly Project paper.

This course is the culmination of the DNAP Scholarly Project. Emphasis is placed on analysis of results, applicability to anesthesia practice, and public dissemination.Prerequisite: NRAN925 DNAP Scholarly Project I. 

The student will:

1. Complete the identified project methodology.
2. Analyze project results, their impact on nurse anesthesia practice, and make recommendations for practice.
3. Demonstrate effective written and oral communication in the finalization of the DNAP Scholarly Project paper and dissemination of results.

This course will focus on professional issues that impact anesthesia practice including reimbursement, and the legal system.

This course will focus on professional issues that impact anesthesia practice including reimbursement, and the legal system. 

The student will:

1. Investigate anesthesia payment processes that impact reimbursement for anesthesia care services.
2. Exhibit a working knowledge of the implications of the legal system on anesthesia practice and professional issues.